Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient city located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was once the capital of the island from the 11th to the 13th centuries and is a treasure trove of historical landmarks, ancient ruins, and religious sites that offer a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s rich cultural and architectural heritage. One of the most notable features of Polonnaruwa is its stunning temples and monuments, including the iconic Gal Vihara, a complex of rock-cut Buddha statues that are renowned for their impressive size and intricate craftsmanship. These statues, carved into a large granite rock, depict serene and meditative postures, symbolizing the peaceful nature of Buddhism.
Another significant site in Polonnaruwa is the Lankathilaka Viharaya, a majestic ancient temple that was once part of the grand royal complex. This temple, built during the reign of King Parakramabahu I, is famous for its towering walls and an awe-inspiring image of the Buddha. The Lankathilaka Viharaya offers visitors a unique insight into the architectural prowess of ancient Sri Lanka, with its large stone pillars and beautiful sculptures that have stood the test of time.
Polonnaruwa is also home to the Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I, one of the most powerful kings of ancient Sri Lanka, who reigned from 1153 to 1186. His contributions to the kingdom’s infrastructure, including the construction of tanks and reservoirs such as the Parakrama Samudra, are still revered today. The palace ruins in Polonnaruwa reveal the grandeur of the royal court, with elaborate buildings and structures designed to reflect the prosperity of the time.
The Shiva Dewalaya in Polonnaruwa is another significant monument, dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. This ancient temple is one of the many examples of the religious diversity in the kingdom during its time. The Shiva Dewalaya, with its intricately designed stone architecture, is a reminder of the spiritual practices that flourished in Sri Lanka during the reign of King Parakramabahu I and the subsequent rulers.
With its historical significance, beautiful temples, and majestic ruins, Polonnaruwa is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and travelers seeking to explore Sri Lanka's fascinating past.
